الأرشيف لـ 'سياسة'تصنيف

Abu Dhabi Hosts Thinkers’ Fête

2007 / نوفمبر / الجمعة

By PRANAY GUPTE
Special to the Sun
October 26, 2007

ABU DHABI, United Arab Emirates — Of the 22 countries that constitute the Arab League, only three have formal diplomatic ties with Israel. The United Arab Emirates is not among them.

It would be fair to suggest, though, that the UAE — far more than Egypt, Jordan, and Mauritania, which maintain legations in Tel Aviv — is far more of an open society, far less hostile to Jewry, and much more welcoming to Western and, specifically, American, economic, political, and cultural interests. With a population of less than 5 million, of whom 80% are expatriates, the UAE is certainly a far more cosmopolitan place than practically any other Arab country, and one where there are virtually no restrictions on the nature of national discourse.

That was conspicuously evident during the four-day Festival of Thinkers that ended here late Wednesday. The idea was to expose young Emirati students to the world’s finest minds so they could better integrate into an evolving global culture, notwithstanding the fact that in the UAE no citizen is poor and no native really has to work for a living. The UAE, after all, pumps 2 million barrels of crude oil a day, has reserves of nearly 100 billion barrels of oil that will last at least 150 years, and will enjoy a surplus of more than $500 billion this year alone due to oil prices that have touched $90 a barrel.

At the heart of the festival was the notion that it isn’t enough for Emiratis to be born wealthy; it is far more critical to accelerate the cross-fertilization of ideas with the outside world. The festival attracted 16 Nobel laureates, and more than 100 thinkers, including American and New York luminaries such as the astronaut Buzz Aldrin; the president of the International Longevity Center, Dr. Robert Butler; the president of Cooper Union, George Campbell; the founder of NewYorkSocialDiary.com, David Patrick Columbia; the chairwoman of the New York Institute of Technology, Linda Davila; the editorial director of American Media, Bonnie Fuller; the president of the Institute of International Education, Allan Goodman, who also administers the Fulbright Program; the editor of Discover magazine, Bob Guccione Jr., and the CEO of Prudential Douglas Elliman, Dottie Herman. Also attending were the executive vice president of Edelman Financial Communications, Kathleen Lacey Hoge; the editor of Reader’s Digest, Jacqueline Leo; the senior editor of Vogue, Shirley Lord; the president emeritus of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Dr. Paul Marks, and his wife, the Sarah Lawrence geneticist, Dr. Joan H. Marks; journalist Judith Miller; literary agent Lynn Nesbit; the president of Hunter College, Jennifer Raab; the president of Business for Diplomatic Action, Keith Reinhard, who is chairman emeritus of DDB Worldwide; the president of the New York Times Company Foundation, Jack Rosenthal; the president of the New York Academy of Sciences, Ellis Rubinstein; the CEO of the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Carl Schramm; President Kennedy’s closest adviser and speech writer, Theodore Sorensen; the president of Ursinus College, John Strassburger, and the head of the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity, Marion Wiesel.

They may have been surprised at the warmth with which His Highness Sheik Nahayan Mabarak al-Nahayan, the biennial festival’s founder and the UAE’s minister of higher education, received the guests, many of whom are Jewish. Mrs. Wiesel sat next to the sheik at last night’s farewell dinner. The Oxford-educated sheik, a member of Abu Dhabi’s royalty, put it this way: “We have had a record of trading with the world from ancient times, and we want to be even more open to the world in this age of globalization. Some might say that we are moving too fast. But change is the order of the day, and our country wants to play its role in promoting global peace, security, and progress.”

The role has many dimensions. Dubai, one of the seven sheikdoms that formed the UAE in 1971, has transformed itself into a glitzy metropolis; its financial institutions have taken stakes in Nasdaq and other bourses. The more conservative Abu Dhabi, which possesses more than 90% of the UAE’s reserves of crude oil and natural gas, has decided to concentrate on developing institutions of culture, science, technology, and education.

It has already arranged to support the establishment of an outpost of New York’s Guggenheim Museum, which will be designed by the Los Angeles-based architect Frank Gehry. It has invited the Louvre to plant roots here. Sheik Nahayan inaugurated the Nobel Museum a couple of days ago. New York University has agreed to start a campus in Abu Dhabi. In addition, The New York Sun has learned that the general manager of the Metropolitan Opera, Peter Gelb, is being asked to come over to begin discussions to create a branch of his institution in this city of parks, palm trees, and beaches at the edge of what the Emiratis prefer to call the Arabian Gulf.

Clearly, Sheikh Nahayan seeks closer ties with New York’s cultural and intellectual establishment, and American participants at the festival came away with the impression that the UAE — a traditional American ally that hosts the largest American naval base outside America itself — represents a role model among Arab states, even if its governance is by family rule and not in the style of Westminster or Washington democracy.

Of course, every aspiring institution builder in the world seems to want the UAE’s money: At the festival, for instance, Columbia University’s Jeffrey Sachs seized the microphone at three major events on the opening day, repeated his signature mantra of protecting the global environment and alleviating global poverty, and then promptly proceeded to get signed commitments from the organizers to host a science and technology summit here next year.

Digital Right Management : The Worst Apples Are Very Rotten And Very Greedy

2006 / مايو / الثلاثاء

Introduction: 

Digital Rights Management , what a term !

Digital Rights Management is the term being used for companies to take control of your computer and drive it in the roads they want you to go !

Event : 

French Parilament is Currently Discussing the DRM scheme : 

If France bans device-specific digital music and video downloads, companies like Apple would presumably need to alter technology to allow content from Web sites to play on competitive devices. This movement toward interoperability could eventually become global, and could loosen Apple's stranglehold on the digital music player market.

Apple iPod, iTunes, and Greed on big scale 

Story :

In an interview last week with the International Herald Tribune, Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres, the French minister of culture, said: "I have absolutely nothing against iTunes, and this is not some payback or protectionism against a foreign company."

He continued, "We are simply defining a fundamental value and principle that I believe will be demanded by Internet users and consumers."

InterOperability : Music Playing Programs Shuold Be Able To Play The Songs

Industry sources speculated that the proposed regulation, if enacted, might force Apple to cease digital music sales in France, or STOP its "digital rights management" scheme of encoding music in such a way that only Apple iPods can play the songs and music it puts in its iTunes website.

If the two houses of the French Parliament stand with the rights of the people of France, then the U.S. Commerce Department will back Apple Computer Inc. in the dispute that will be a good story to follow.

Comment:

Apple Computer Inc. is rotten and very rotten indeeed. It is technology was one day good, not any more, and the reason is simple : GREED

Related resources:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management

http://www.eff.org/about/

Intel Facilities in Israel

2006 / مارس / الأثنين

Introduction

Intel has several facilities in Israel, including two chip factories. We had the chance to visit Fab18, located in Kiryat Gat, which manufactures Pentium 4 chips in 90 nm process and also chipsets and flash memories. In this coverage you will have a better notion of where Intel factories are located, what is the relationship between them and, of course, how Fab18 looks like inside and how a chip manufacturing facility works.

On Figure 1 you can see where Intel fabs and development centers are distributed in the world.

Intel Fabs

click to enlarge Figure 1: Location of Intel fabs and development centers in the world.

In the so-called fabs is where the wafers are processed, i.e. the wafer enters “virgin” and exit full of chips on it. Then the wafers are sent to other facilities, called “assembly and testing”, where they are cut and the devices (processors, chipsets, etc) are packed (terminals and a body are added).

As you can see on Figure 1, Intel has fabs only in three countries: United States, Ireland and Israel. Assembly and testing facilities are found near consumer markets.

So, the final product from Fab18 is wafer, to be sent to assembly and testing facilities. That’s why you never see “Israel” on the body of any CPU but “Costa Rica”, “Malaysia” or “Philippines”, for example.

Besides the two fabs (the other one, Fab8, is located in Jerusalem and is older, established in 1985 and the first fab outside the USA), Intel has several research and development centers in Israel, as you can see on Figure 2. As we already mentioned on our IDF Tel Aviv coverage, the Haifa team is responsible for creating Pentium M CPU and all other CPUs based on its architecture, like Yonah (dual-core Pentium M) and the forthcoming Merom, Conroe and Woodcrest.

The Petach Tikva team is in charge of the development of all cell CPUs from Intel and also Wi-Max technology, after Intel bought a company called Envara in 2004. This year Intel bought a company called Oplus, located in Yokneam, which develops HDTV decoder chips. The Yakum team is a branch of the Haifa team and also develops CPUs and chipsets for mobile platform.

Intel Fabs in Israel

click to enlarge Figure 2: Intel fabs and development centers in Israel.

Intel history in Israel is very old. The Haifa development facility was established in 1974 (just five years after Intel was established) with five engineers headed by Dov Frohman, the man that created the EPROM chip.

Now that you have an overall look about Intel’s activities in Israel, let’s go to Fab18.

Intel Fab18

Fab18 was established in 1999 and at that time produced Pentium III wafers. It was upgraded to the 90 nm process and now it produces wafers for Pentium 4 CPUs, chipsets and flash memories. There are 3,700 people working there.

Intel Fab18

click to enlarge Figure 3: Intel Fab18 in Kiryat Gat, Israel.

Before continuing, we’d suggest you to read our tutorial How Chips are Manufactured, for a better understanding of what we are going to talk from now on.

Due to its huge size – Fab18 has the size of two soccer courts – and to the very high cost of building and maintaining a clean room, instead of the entire factory being a huge clean room, only the parts needed to be operated under a clean environment use clean rooms. So the factory has several clean rooms. The area behind the clean rooms are called “chase”, and is where the process tools, electricity, exhaust, etc are located.

The floor of the clean rooms and the chases isn’t solid. It uses a mesh for allowing the air to circulate. The air is totally replaced every four minutes. Also, below the fab is where tanks with the chemical products necessary for the manufacturing process are located.

On Figure 4 you can see one of the clean rooms. Pay attention to the floor. Of course inside the clean rooms everybody must wear the so-called “bunny suits” to prevent contamination of the wafers (since the transistors created on the wafer are microscopic even the smallest particle of dust can destroy the chip being manufactured).

Intel Fab18 click to enlarge Figure 4: One of the clean rooms.

On this picture you can a technician handling a black box (called “lot”), which has wafers inside. He is putting the lot inside one machine, or processing tool. Only the “entrance” of the processing tool is located inside the clean room; its body is located in the chase, for cost reductions, as we mentioned.

Intel Fab18 (Cont’d)

On Figure 5 you can see a chase (pay attention on the floor). These are the machines that process the wafers and where the technician is putting the lot on Figure 4.

Intel Fab18

click to enlarge Figure 5: A chase.

The number of clean rooms and machines is impressive, because of the number of steps necessary to manufacture a CPU wafer. A Pentium 4 CPU uses 26 photolithographic masks. For each mask it may be necessary several steps to process it, plus the doping and metal layer stages. Thus the CPU manufacturing process can have hundreds of steps.

Just to give an example to clarify, for processing the first chip layer using the example we posted on our How Chips are Manufactured tutorial, the following steps would be necessary:

  • Grow silicon dioxide on the wafer.
  • Apply a layer of photoresist.
  • Apply the first mask.
  • Expose the wafer to ultraviolet light.
  • Remove the “soft” part of the photoresist layer using solvent.
  • Remove the exposed parts of silicon dioxide (etching process).
  • Remove the rest of the photoresist material.

As you can see, in this example for processing the first layer it would be necessary seven steps, each one occurring in a different place and using different machinery. On real chips more steps may be necessary. So imagine a CPU like Pentium 4 that has 26 masks.

On the steps where ultraviolet light is being applied, the clean room uses orange light, not white light like the other clean rooms, as you can see on Figure 6, because the photoresist layer is sensitive to white light.

Intel Fab18

click to enlarge Figure 6: Clean room running a photolithographic process (the light bulbs are orange).

Intel Fab18 (Cont’d)

As we mentioned, the technicians don’t handle the wafers directly. The wafers are located in squared boxes called lots, which holds 25 wafers each. On Intel fab, lots carrying wafers using aluminum on their metal layers are black, while wafers using copper on their metal layers are orange.

Intel Fab18

click to enlarge Figure 7: A lot (this is an older lot model and was located on the small Fab18 museum).

When the technician inserts the lot in the processing tool, the machine will open it, take each wafer, process it and then put the processed wafers back in the lot.

From one clean room to the other the lots are carried automatically by a set of tracks. On Figure 6 you can see a track (like a monorail train track) on the ceiling. That is where the lots are carried.

In some cases the track system brings the lot directly inside a machine, not needing an employee to put the lot inside it.

For each machine there is a screen where the technician can see what the machine is doing and which wafers are being processed.

As we mentioned, the final product from Fab18 is not ready-to-use CPUs, but wafers containing several chips. These wafers after being manufactured are sent to test and assembly factories located in other countries like Malaysia, Costa Rica and Philippines, where they cut the wafer, put terminals and a body on the chips, test them, label them and then ship to the market.

إعترافات قاتل إقتصادي دولي

2006 / فبراير / الأحد

يقول القاتل الاقتصادي الدولي، جون بيركنز ، عن ماضية في أعلى هرم المؤسسات الدولية الإقتصادية مثل البنك الدولي :”كان عملي هو إجبار الدول ورؤساء الدول والحكومات ورؤساء الحكومات على الرضوخ والقبول باتفاقيات قروض مجحفة ،لا يمكن معها لتلك الدول، إلا ربما بشق الأنفس ، سدادها والتخلص من ربقة الديون التي اثقلها بها”هكذا يتحدث هذا الرجل عن ماضيه الدبلوماسي الإقتصادي السياسي “المحترم جداً” كموظف في أعلى قمم المؤسسات الإقتصادية التي يطلق عليها الغرب الغني اسم المؤسسات الإقتصادية العالمية

John Perkins, author of “Confessions of an Economic

Read more at www.nytimes.com/2006/02…

China to monitor mobile phone payments in search for porn sites

2006 / فبراير / الأثنين

China to monitor mobile phone payments in search for porn sites: “BEIJING — Chinese police will monitor mobile phone payment platforms, focusing on larger transactions, as a key part of their efforts to close down pornographic Web sites, an official with China’s Bureau of Public Security (BPS) said Thursday at a conference in Beijing.”

Sheikh Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais: Punish Mockers of the Prophet … confront the smear campaigns against Islam.

2006 / فبراير / السبت

Makkah Imam :P unish Mockers of the Prophet

P.K. Abdul Ghafour, Arab News

JEDDAH,11 February 2006 — An influential imam of the Grand Mosque in Makkah yesterday called for the imposition of stiff punishment on those daring to mock the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Delivering his Friday sermon, Sheikh Abdul Rahman Al-Sudais also emphasized the need to activate international resolutions that condemn and punish such crimes as defamation of religions and prophets.

“All Islamic countries have condemned this act of crime,” Al-Sudais told the faithful who packed the large mosque complex, referring to the blasphemous cartoons published by Western newspapers.

“We make a call from the podium of the Grand Mosque and the birthplace of Islam, on behalf of Muslims all over the world, that tough punishment should be imposed on those who make a mockery of the Prophet,” the imam said.

Sudais said Western countries and organizations were adopting double standards on the issue of Danish cartoons allowing abuse of Muslim sanctities and their Prophet.

“The repulsive cartoons depicting the Prophet have violated the sanctity of 1.5 billion Muslims around the world and their feelings…. This has exposed those who are actually promoting extremism, violence and hatred between peoples,” Sudais said.

He praised Muslims all over the world for standing up to the challenge and protesting the publication of cartoons.

Sudais told Islamic scholars and intellectuals to do more to spread themessage of the Prophet and his noble qualities and ideals. “We must seize this opportunity to spread the correct perspective of his noble life through publications and programs in various languages,” he added.

The imam called on wealthy Muslims to use their money to confront the smear campaigns against Islam.

Source : Arab News … 2006.02.11

Hamshahri newspaper: It will be an international cartoon contest about the Holocaust

2006 / فبراير / الثلاثاء

Cartoon contest
Tuesday, 07 February 2006

Iran’s largest selling newspaper announced yesterday it was holding a contest on cartoons of the Holocaust in response to the publishing in European papers of caricatures of the Prophet Mohammed.

“It will be an international cartoon contest about the Holocaust,” said Farid Mortazavi, the graphics editor for Hamshahri newspaper – which is published by Tehran’s conservative Municipality.

He said the plan was to turn the tables on the assertion that newspapers can print offensive material in the name of freedom of expression.

“The Western papers printed these sacrilegious cartoons on the pretext of freedom of expression, so let’s see if they mean what they say and also print these Holocaust cartoons,” he asserted.

Iran is supportive of Holocaust revisionist historians, who maintain the slaughter by the Nazis of Europe’s Jews during World War II has been either invented or exaggerated.

Iran’s President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad dismissed the systematic slaughter by the Nazis of mainland Europe’s Jews as a “myth” used to justify the creation of Israel.

Mortazavi said today’s edition of the paper will invite cartoonists to enter the competition, with “private individuals” offering gold coins to the best 12 artists – the same number of cartoons that appeared in the conservative Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.

Last week the Iranian foreign ministry also invited British Prime Minister Tony Blair to Tehran to take part in a planned conference on the Holocaust, even though the idea has been branded by Blair as “shocking, ridiculous, stupid”.

Blair also said Ahmadinejad “should come and see the evidence of the Holocaust himself in the countries of Europe”, to which Iran responded by saying it was willing to send a team of “independent investigators”.

Source : http://www.7days.ae/regional-news/cartoon-contest.html

Would the UN security council issue a resolution demanding apology from denmark

2006 / فبراير / السبت
For tansgressing on world peace, denmark should be held guilty by the security council.

If Denmark politicians do not offer a good apology, then maybe the security council should impose sanctions on Denmark, for no less crime than disturbing world peace!

Cairo, EGYPT: Egyptians pass a sign declaring a boycott of Danish goods in a supermarket in Cairo 02 February 2006. Four months after the fact, Muslim anger over the publication in Scandinavia of cartoons depicting the Prophet Mohammed has snowballed into a full-fledged crisis threatening Nordic trade and security. Cartoons including a portrayal of the prophet wearing a time-bomb shaped turban were published in a Danish newspaper last September and reprinted in a Norwegian magazine in January, sparking uproar in the Muslim world where images of the prophet are considered blasphemous. AFP PHOTO/KHALED DESOUKI (Photo credit should read KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images)

thanks for the photo!

Congratulations on the Palestinian Elections

2006 / يناير / السبت

Congratulations, not only for the elections so successful, but also for building a strong bridge of democracy to connect Palestinians to the future !

مشروع السكك الحديدية

2006 / يناير / الأربعاء
الأردن يواجه عقبة التمويل في مشروع”السكك الحديدية “عمان – في الوقت الذي يسير فيه مشروع شبكة السكك الحديدية الإقليمية التي تربط دول منطقة الشرق المتوسط نحو التطبيق “سورية، العراق، السعودية” يواجه الأردن عقبات مالية وتمويلية لمواكبة هذا المشروع – بحسب مدير عام مؤسسة سكة حديد العقبة حسين كريشان

وقال كريشان إن المشكلة في مجاراة المشروع الجديد تكمن في ان السكك الحديدة في الاردن غير مطابقة للخطوط النظامية القياسية الأكثر استعمالا في العالم والتي يصل عرضها 1435 ملم، حيث يبلغ اتساع الخطوط المستعملة في الأردن 1050 ملم

ويشير كريشان الى “أن البنية التحتية لخطوط السكك الحديدية في الأردن تحتاج إلى استبدال بالكامل حتى يستطيع الأردن السير في مشروع ربط السكك الحديدة الإقليمية”، مضيفا “أن الأردن دون تغيير هذه المقاييس لن يستطيع السير في هذا المشروع” حيث “أن هذا النظام بات أقل انتشارا في العالم وتتجه معظم الدول لاستبداله بخطوط سككية قياسية”

وأضاف إن السير في هذا المشروع والذي يعتبر خط سكة حديد عمان الزرقاء جزءا منه يحتاج إلى تمويل “كبير جدا” لأنه سيتم تغيير وإنشاء خطوط سكك حديدية بالمقياس العالمي الذي تطبقه الدول المجاورة، مبينا أن خط عمان الزرقاء سيكون على هذا المقياس.وأوضح “أن أهم العقبات التي تواجه السكك الحديدية هو التمويل، خصوصاً تنفيذ البنية التحتية علما بأن تكلفة إنشاء الخطوط الحديدية عالية جدا ويلزم إيجاد استثمار لإنشاء السكك الحديدية وتطويرها بالتعاون مع القطاع العام”

وأشار إلى أن وزارة النقل الأردنية كانت قد اتفقت من خلال اللجان التي تم تشكيلها مع الدول العربية المجاورة على مواصفات مشتركة للخطوط الحديدية في هذه الدول لكي تتمكن من الربط السككي بكل سهولة حيث تم الاتفاق على أن تكون هذه الخطوط من النوع القياسي وبسرعة تصل إلى 160 كيلو متر في الساعة لقاطرات الركاب و100 كيلو متر للبضائع و الحمولة المحورية “22.5 إلى 25″ طن وأن تكون المواصفات للخطوط العالمية حسب المواصفات الدولية “UIC”.ومن المتوقع أن تقوم الحكومة – بحسب تصريحات سابقة لوزير النقل سعود نصيرات – بإعادة طرح عطاء خط سكة حديد عمان الزرقاء خلال الشهرين المقبلين وذلك بعد أن رفض العرض المالي للمرحلة الأولى من العطاء الذي أحيل في تشرين ثاني (نوفمبر) الماضي وتقدم له تجمع واحد فقط هو “تجمع مصري هولندي تركي”

يذكر أن السعودية كانت قد وقعت في 29 تشرين الثاني ( نوفمبر) الماضي اتفاقية مع تحالف يضم 4 شركات للإشراف على تنفيذ سكة حديد تمتد من منطقة الحديثة على الحدود السعودية الأردنية إلى مدينة الرياض.وقد أكد وزير المالية السعودي إبراهيم العساف آنذاك “بأن الخط الجديد محلي سعودي وليس هناك ما يمنع ربطه مستقبلا مع شبكة إقليمية، مشيرا إلى أن “مشروع الربط الإقليمي لسكك الحديد في منطقة شرق المتوسط لا تزال في مراحلها الأولى”.إلى ذلك كان وزير النقل السوري مكرم عبيد قد كشف في 9 كانون الأول (ديسمبر) الماضي عن بدء سورية بتنفيذ مشروع سكة حديد جديدة يمتد من دمشق إلى الحدود السورية الأردنية بطول 200 كم وذلك كجزء من مشروع خط سكة الحديد الشرق أوسطي.وكانت الحكومة الأردنية ممثلة بوزارة النقل -بحسب كريشان- قد طرحت عطاء دراسة مخطط شمولي للسكك الحديدية في الأردن لربطها من الشمال إلى الجنوب ومن الشرق إلى الغرب وربط الأردن بكافة الدول العربية المجاورة بحيث سيقوم المستشار الذي يحال عليه العطاء بيان أولوية التنفيذ لهذا المشروع على مراحل